AIDS : 1 DEC

       AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the final stage of HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS.AIDS was first recognized by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s

      The World Health Organization estimates that more than 25 million people worldwide have died from this infection since the start of the epidemic.In 2008, there were approximately 33.4 million people around the world living with HIV/AIDS, .In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there are 33.4 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS,including 2.1 million children under age 15, with 2.7 million new HIV infections per year and 2.0 million annual deaths due to AIDS.

HIV : Spreading
    Through sexual contact - including oral, vaginal, and anal sex
    Through blood - via blood transfusions or needle sharing
    From mother to child - a pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her fetus through their shared blood    circulation, or a nursing mother can transmit it to her baby in her breast milk

    HIV has been found in saliva, tears, nervous system tissue and spinal fluid, blood, semen (including pre-seminal fluid, which is the liquid that comes out before ejaculation), vaginal fluid, and breast milk. However, only blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk have been shown to transmit infection to others

HIV : NOT spreading
    Casual contact such as hugging
    Mosquitoes
    Participation in sports
    Touching items that were touched by a person infected with the virus

Symptoms

     AIDS begins with HIV infection. People who are infected with HIV may have no symptoms for 10 years or longer, but they can still transmit the infection to others during this symptom-free period. If the infection is not detected and treated, the immune system gradually weakens and AIDS develops. Common symptoms are:

    Chills
    Fever
    Sweats
    Swollen lymph glands
    Weakness
    Weight loss

Awareness
WHO start campaign against AIDS since 1987. 1 Dec, 1988 was first  International AIDS day by UN-WHO.Theme of 2011 " Geting to Zero"

Chacha Nehru - 14 Nov, Jayanti

JAWAHAR LAL  NEHRU

 

• Birth : 14 Nov,1889 ; Allahabad,UP
• Father : Sh.Moti Lal Nehru, Famous Barrister ; Kashmiri Brahmin
• Mother : Smt. Swaroop Rani
• Sister : Three
• Education : Harrow school & Trinity college, Cambridge
• Legal Practice : 1912 in Allahabad
• Marriage : Smt. Kamala Nehru ; 8 February,1916
• Political Activities :    

           1917 joined  Home Rule Leage

           1919 Meet with Mahatma Gandhi

           1920-22 : Non-cooperation campaign

           1921 : First imprisonment

           1924: Elected as president , Allahabad Municipal Corporation

           1929: Elected as Congress President

           1944: Write “The Discovery of India”.

• Prime Minister : First Prime Minister of India in 1947
• Death : 27 May, 1964

National Education Day : Moulana Azad

Maulana Abul Kalam Muhiyuddin Ahmed ( Moulana Azad )

Birth :11th Nov.1888,Mecca ( Makkah)

Father : Kherajudin , Bengal

Mother : Arab resident

Mecca : Mother & Father migrated from India to Arab after First Indian War of Independence 

Education : Two years after the birth their family came to Calcutta.Azad learned several languages & subjects. Interested in Philosophy,Literature, journalism etc.As a young man, Azad composed poetry in Urdu as well as treatises on religion and philosophy.

Marrige : At the age of 13, he was married to Zuleikha Begum

Pen name : Maulana Azad

Activities : during which the Quit India rebellion was launched and Azad was imprisoned with the entire Congress leadership for three years. Azad became the mostprominent Muslim opponent of the demand for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan.Azad was one of the main organisers of the Dharasana Satyagraha in  1931, and emerged as one of the most important national leaders of the time, prominently leading the causes of Hindu-Muslim unity as well as espousing secularism and socialism.He became the youngest person to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress in1923. Azad opposed the partition of Bengal in 1905.Azad joined the Congress and wasalso elected president of the All India Khilafat Committee.
Publications : He established an Urdu weekly newspaper in 1912 called Al-Hilal and openly attacked British policiesHe started criticizing the British and the sale of his weekly shots up to 25,000 copies per issue.second publication under the Defence of India Regulations Act and arrested him. The governments of the Bombay Presidency, United Provinces, Punjab and Delhi prohibited his entry into the provinces and Azad was moved to a jail in Ranchi, where he was incarcerated until 1 January 1920. Azad spent the final years of his life focusing on writing his book India Wins Freedom, an exhaustive account of India's freedom struggle and its leaders, which was published in 1957.Ghubar-e-Khatir' is famous in Urdu literature. 

Hindu-Muslim unity : "I am proud of being an Indian. I am part of the indivisible unity that is Indian nationality. I am indispensable to this noble edifice and without me this splendid structure is incomplete. I am an essential element, which has gone to build India. I can never surrender this claim."

Khadi : He began to spin his own clothes using khadi on the charkha, and began frequently living and participating in the ashrams organised by Gandhi.

After Freedom : As India's First Education Minister, Azad oversaw the establishment of a national education system with free primary education and modern institutions of higher education.He is also credited with the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology and the foundation of the University Grants Commission, Maulana Azad had been served in the Constituent Assembly to draft India's constitution.He was minister of education for eleven years.

Mahatma Gandhi say that : "Maulana Azad is the most forceful, truthful, and fearless satyagrahi and fighter against oppression and injustice that I have come across".

Award : India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna in 1992.

National Education Day : from 11 Nov, 2011

Death : 22 Feb, 1958; Delhi

GURU NANAK DEV

GURU NANAK DEV JI

• Birth : 20 Oct, 1469 ( Kartik Purnima) ; Talawandi ( now Nanakana Shahib ) near Lahore, Pakistan
• Early Life : Father was merchant. His parents were of Hindu background. Nanak was interested in spiritual . To explore the mysteries of life , he was leave home. Nanak met with Kabir (1441-1518).
• Sikh Religion : founded & known as first GURU  

• Death :  7 May 1539

• Main Teaching :     The three teachings -   Nam Simran ( Remember of God),  Kirt Karo ( Prayer & work )  & Wand Chhako ( Share with poor & other person )   

          Nanak also beliefs that - 
          There is no Hindu and no Muslim 
          There is no caste 
          God is every where